The European Court of Justice received questions in case C-717/19 (Boehringer Ingelheim). The questions relate to the reduction of the taxable amount in case of an agreement between a pharmaceutical company and a health insurer.
Article in the EU VAT Directive
Articles 90(1) and 273 of the EU VAT Directive 2006/112/EU
Facts (simplified):
Minbuza.nl published more details about this case. Unofficial translation:
The applicant, a pharmaceutical company, submitted a supplementary VAT declaration. By doing so, it reduced the amount of VAT due for that tax period, invoking payments made under special civil law agreements between it and the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (NEAK), a public health insurer.
The agreements relate to the medicinal products marketed by the applicant, whereby the applicant agreed to make payments to NEAK on the basis of the number of sales of those medicinal products subsidised by social security. These payments were deducted from its turnover from the sale of the medicinal products.
The applicant sells the medicinal products directly to the wholesaler, the wholesaler to the pharmacy and the pharmacy in turn to the patient, at a price from which the amount subsidised by social security is deducted. NEAK subsequently reimburses the amount of the subsidy to the pharmacy, which pays VAT on both the amount paid by the patient and the amount paid by NEAK.
The applicant is not under a legal obligation to conclude the agreements, but the conclusion of the agreements enables it to ensure that the medicinal products which it markets are subsidised by social security. This is also advantageous for NEAK, as it enables NEAK to make new and modern medicinal therapies subsidised by social security available at all times to patients who need them.
In view of the payment requests, bank statements, prices used as a basis for the subsidy and other important data in the agreements, the tax authority at first instance rejected the applicant’s supplementary declaration and did not authorise the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount. The defendant, the Opposition Division of the Hungarian National Tax and Customs Administration, upheld the decision at first instance and took the view that the payments made to NEAK did not comply in substance with the conditions laid down in Paragraph 77(4) of the Law on VAT, namely that they must form part of the business policy of the company or have sales promotion as their objective.
Consideration
The national court states that the Court has not yet ruled on the question whether the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount is possible even if the reduction is not granted under a mandatory provision of national law but on a voluntary basis. The referring court takes the view that, in the present case, NEAK must be regarded as the final consumer of the goods supplied by the applicant, with the result that the amount collected by the tax authority cannot exceed the amount paid by the final consumer. It follows that, since, as a result of the reduction granted by the applicant to NEAK, the taxable person does not receive part of the consideration, there was in fact a price reduction in accordance with Article 90(1) of the VAT Directive at the time the transaction was carried out. In those circumstances, the applicant was not in a position to freely dispose of the total price it had received following the sale of its products to pharmacies or wholesalers. As regards the second question, the national court states that the Member States may impose additional obligations in accordance with Article 273 of the VAT Directive in order to ensure the correct collection of VAT. The Hungarian legislation makes the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount subject to presentation of a copy of the invoice certifying that the transaction has been carried out. In the present case, no invoice was sent, but only the request for payment sent by NEAK to the applicant and the bank statement proving payment by bank transfer are available. This ensures the correct collection of VAT, despite the absence of an invoice. The referring court therefore questions whether the restrictions imposed by the Hungarian legislation are proportionate to the objective pursued.
Questions
“Is a national rule under which a pharmaceutical undertaking which makes payments to a public health insurer on the basis of turnover from the sale of medicinal products under a voluntary agreement is not entitled to reduce the taxable amount retrospectively contrary to Article 90(1) of the Directive?”
Is Article 90(1) of Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax to be interpreted as precluding national legislation, such as that at issue in the main proceedings, under which a pharmaceutical company which makes payments to a public health insurer on the basis of turnover from the sale of medicinal products under a voluntarily concluded contract is required to make such payments, and therefore does not receive full reimbursement for those medicinal products, is not entitled to reduce the taxable amount retrospectively, merely because the payments were not made in a manner determined in advance in its business policy and not with sales promotion as the main objective?
If the answer to the first question is in the affirmative, must Article 273 of Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax be interpreted as precluding national legislation such as that at issue in the main proceedings, which makes the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount subject to the condition that the performance of the act giving rise to the entitlement to repayment is evidenced by an invoice issued in the name of the person entitled to repayment, even if the act giving rise to the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount is sufficiently documented, based on information which can be verified retrospectively, is partly public and authentic, and enables the tax to be correctly collected?
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