July 1, 2024
The implementation of e-invoicing in Romania is carried out in two stages.
- Stage 1, called Romanian E-reporting, runs from January 1, 2024 to June 30, 2024. During this period, taxpayers are required to report all invoices issued in domestic transactions to Romanian established taxpayers, foreign VAT registered businesses in Romania, and public institutions. This reporting must be done in the national electronic invoice system RO e-Factura. This obligation also extends to non-established taxable persons registered for VAT purposes in Romania.
- Stage 2, Romanian E-invoicing, starts on July 1, 2024. From this date, established businesses must issue and exchange electronic invoices using the national system RO E-Factura. Recipients must be registered in the RO e-Factura platform in order to receive the invoices. All established businesses must be able to issue and receive e-invoices by July 1, 2024 via e-Factura. Non-established suppliers will continue to submit invoice details via e-reporting, a near real-time reporting of invoices.
- The RO e-Transport system has been introduced in Romania to monitor road transport of goods domestically and internationally.
- The system applies to all international goods transport, including intra-community purchases and deliveries, imports, exports, and intra-community transits through Romania.
- Certain goods, such as vegetables, fruits, beverages, clothing, footwear, metals, meat, and tobacco, require mandatory e-transportation regardless of financial risk.
- Companies must register each transport in the system to receive a unique UIT code, which, along with transport documents, ensures compliance and tracking.
- Non-compliance with the system can result in fines ranging from RON 20,000 to RON 100,000, as well as the confiscation of undeclared goods.
January 1, 2025
The Romanian National Agency for Fiscal Administration (ANAF) has started implementing its SAF-T based program, known as Declarației informative (Informative Statement) D406 return, in XML format. The rollout is phased as follows:
- Jan 2022: Large taxpayers first wave (12-month soft landing until 31 Jan 2023)
- Jul 2022: Large taxpayers second wave (6-month soft landing until 31 Jan 2023)
- Jan 2023: Mid-sized taxpayers
- Jan 2025: Small taxpayers and non-resident taxpayers
Non-resident taxpayers with a Romanian VAT number may need to complete SAF-T from January 2025. There is a reduced data set requirement for non-resident VAT registered businesses. Additionally, RO e-invoicing will commence in January 2024. Voluntary testing is currently ongoing ahead of the mandatory launch in 2022, which will be phased in until January 2025 with a six-month grace period. It is advisable to check the list of countries that have implemented SAF-T.
The Romanian Ministry of Finance issued Urgent Ordinance 69/2024 on June 21, 2024, expanding the electronic invoicing mandate to include business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. The existing e-invoicing regime, implemented through the RO-eFactura system, currently applies to business-to-government (B2G) transactions and high-risk business-to-business (B2B) sales and goods transportation. Starting July 1, 2024, all B2B transactions will fall under the e-invoicing mandate, and standard invoicing practices must be updated to comply with e-invoicing. The government aims to implement the National Information System RO e-VAT by August 1, 2024, to pre-fill VAT return information and enhance control over compliance and tax evasion levels. Taxpayers will have the option to submit B2C invoices through the RO-eFactura system from July 1, 2024, with mandatory compliance for all taxpayers from January 1, 2025, except for certain exceptions.
SAF-T Reporting Obligation for Non-Established Taxpayers
- Romania is gradually introducing the SAF-T (Standard Audit File for Tax) reporting obligation, which will be required for non-established taxpayers starting from January 2025.
- The SAF-T reporting requirement initially applied to large taxpayers established in Romania from January 2022, but the implementation for these taxpayers was postponed to January 2023.
- The Romanian SAF-T, known as the D406 form, covers five sections: General Ledger, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Fixed Assets, and Inventory.
- The content of the D406 form is more extensive than the current 390 Recapitulative Statement.
- The submission of the D406 form must be done electronically, with a PDF file and XML attachment, and the frequency of filing corresponds to the frequency of filing VAT returns for taxpayers registered for VAT in Romania.
