The Court of Justice of the EU lists when a company that is not established in the EU does not have a vi. This case concerns a Swiss service recipient with a Belgian service provider legally separate from her.
Source Taxlive
See also
- ECJ C-232/22 (Cabot Plastics Belgium) – Judgment – Toll manufacturing with ancillary services does not lead to Fixed Establishment
- Summary of ECJ-232/22 (Cabot) – No fixed establishment due to lack of human and technical resources even if ancillary services are performed, exclusivity